Pipe schedules (fluids.piping)¶
This module contains functions for looking up standard pipe sizes from different schedules. Similarly, there is a converter between gauge number thickness (and back).
For reporting bugs, adding feature requests, or submitting pull requests, please use the GitHub issue tracker or contact the author at Caleb.Andrew.Bell@gmail.com.
Pipe Schedules¶
- fluids.piping.nearest_pipe(Do=None, Di=None, NPS=None, schedule='40')[source]¶
Searches for and finds the nearest standard pipe size to a given specification. Acceptable inputs are:
Nominal pipe size
Nominal pipe size and schedule
Outer diameter Do
Outer diameter Do and schedule
Inner diameter Di
Inner diameter Di and schedule
Acceptable schedules are: ‘5’, ‘10’, ‘20’, ‘30’, ‘40’, ‘60’, ‘80’, ‘100’, ‘120’, ‘140’, ‘160’, ‘STD’, ‘XS’, ‘XXS’, ‘5S’, ‘10S’, ‘40S’, ‘80S’, ‘40D1527’, ‘80D1527’, ‘ABSD2680’, ‘PVCD2680’, ‘DR25C900’, ‘DR18C900’, ‘DR14C900’, ‘CIDR51C905’, ‘CIDR41C905’, ‘CIDR325C905’, ‘CIDR25C905’, ‘CIDR21C905’, ‘CIDR18C905’, ‘CIDR14C905’, ‘IPSDR21’, ‘IPSDR26’, ‘IPSDR325’, ‘IPSDR41’, ‘PS115F679’, ‘PS75F679’, ‘PS46F679’, ‘PVCD2665’, ‘40D1785’, ‘80D1785’, ‘120D1785’, ‘DR135D2241’, ‘DR17D2241’, ‘DR21D2241’, ‘DR26D2241’, ‘DR325D2241’, ‘DR41D2241’, ‘DR64D2241’, ‘DR21D2241CTS’, ‘DR17D2241CTS’, ‘DR135D2241CTS’, ‘DR11D2241CTS’, ‘DR21D2241PIP’, ‘DR26D2241PIP’, ‘DR325D2241PIP’, ‘DR35D2241PIP’, ‘DR41D2241PIP’, ‘DR51D2241PIP’, ‘DR81D2241PIP’, ‘S40F441IPS’, ‘S80F441IPS’, ‘S40F441SI’, ‘S80F441SI’ ‘DR325F2619SI’, ‘DR26F2619SI’, ‘DR21F2619SI’, ‘DR17F2619SI’, ‘DR135F2619SI’, ‘DR11F2619SI’, ‘DR9F2619SI’, ‘DR73F2619SI’, ‘DR7F2619SI’, ‘DR325F2619IPS’, ‘DR26F2619IPS’, ‘DR21F2619IPS’, ‘DR17F2619IPS’, ‘DR135F2619IPS’, ‘DR11F2619IPS’, ‘DR9F2619IPS’, ‘DR73F2619IPS’, ‘DR7F2619IPS’,
- Parameters
- Returns
Notes
Internal units within this function are mm. The imperial schedules are not quite identical to these value, but all rounding differences happen in the sub-0.1 mm level.
References
- 1
American National Standards Institute, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. B36.10M-2004: Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004.
- 2
American National Standards Institute, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. B36-19M-2004: Stainless Steel Pipe. New York, N.Y.: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004.
- 3
F17 Committee. “Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1527-99R05.
- 4
F17 Committee. “Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer Piping.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2680-01R14.
- 5
AWWA-American Water Works Association. “AWWA C900-07 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 Mm Through 300 Mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution.”
- 6
AWWA-American Water Works Association. “AWWA C905-97 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 14 in. Through 48 in. (350 Mm through 1,200 Mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution.”
- 7
F17 Committee. “Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F0679-16.
- 8
F17 Committee. “Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2665-14.
- 9
F17 Committee. “Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1785-15E01.
- 10
F17 Committee. “Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F0441_F0441M-15.
- 11
F17 Committee. “Specification for High-Density Polyethylene (PE) Line Pipe.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F2619_F2619M-20.
Examples
>>> nearest_pipe(Di=0.021) (1, 0.02664, 0.0334, 0.0033799999999999998) >>> nearest_pipe(Do=.273, schedule='5S') (10, 0.26630000000000004, 0.2731, 0.0034)
Wire Gauge¶
- fluids.piping.gauge_from_t(t, SI=True, schedule='BWG')[source]¶
Looks up the gauge of a given wire thickness of given schedule. Values are all non-linear, and tabulated internally.
- Parameters
- Returns
- gaugefloat-like
Wire Gauge, [-]
Notes
An internal variable, tol, is used in the selection of the wire gauge. If the next smaller wire gauge is within 10% of the difference between it and the previous wire gauge, the smaller wire gauge is selected. Accordingly, this function can return a gauge with a thickness smaller than desired in some circumstances.
Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) ranges from 0.2 (0.5 inch) to 36 (0.004 inch).
American Wire Gauge (AWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.58 inch) to 51 (0.00099 inch). These are used for electrical wires.
Steel Wire Gauge (SWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.49 inch) to 51 (0.0044 inch). Also called Washburn & Moen wire gauge, American Steel gauge, Wire Co. gauge, and Roebling wire gauge.
Music Wire Gauge (MWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.004 inch) to 46 (0.18 inch). Also called Piano Wire Gauge.
British Standard Wire Gage (BSWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.5 inch) to 51 (0.001 inch). Also called Imperial Wire Gage (IWG).
Stub’s Steel Wire Gage (SSWG) ranges from 1 (0.227 inch) to 80 (0.013 inch)
References
- 1
Oberg, Erik, Franklin D. Jones, and Henry H. Ryffel. Machinery’s Handbook. Industrial Press, Incorporated, 2012.
Examples
>>> gauge_from_t(.5, SI=False, schedule='BWG') 0.2
- fluids.piping.t_from_gauge(gauge, SI=True, schedule='BWG')[source]¶
Looks up the thickness of a given wire gauge of given schedule. Values are all non-linear, and tabulated internally.
- Parameters
- Returns
- t
float
Thickness, [m]
- t
Notes
Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) ranges from 0.2 (0.5 inch) to 36 (0.004 inch).
American Wire Gauge (AWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.58 inch) to 51 (0.00099 inch). These are used for electrical wires.
Steel Wire Gauge (SWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.49 inch) to 51 (0.0044 inch). Also called Washburn & Moen wire gauge, American Steel gauge, Wire Co. gauge, and Roebling wire gauge.
Music Wire Gauge (MWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.004 inch) to 46 (0.18 inch). Also called Piano Wire Gauge.
British Standard Wire Gage (BSWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.5 inch) to 51 (0.001 inch). Also called Imperial Wire Gage (IWG).
Stub’s Steel Wire Gage (SSWG) ranges from 1 (0.227 inch) to 80 (0.013 inch)
References
- 1
Oberg, Erik, Franklin D. Jones, and Henry H. Ryffel. Machinery’s Handbook. Industrial Press, Incorporated, 2012.
Examples
>>> t_from_gauge(.2, False, 'BWG') 0.5
- fluids.piping.wire_schedules = {'AWG': ([0.167, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], [0.58, 0.5165, 0.46, 0.4096, 0.3648, 0.3249, 0.2893, 0.2576, 0.2294, 0.2043, 0.1819, 0.162, 0.1443, 0.1285, 0.1144, 0.1019, 0.0907, 0.0808, 0.072, 0.0641, 0.0571, 0.0508, 0.0453, 0.0403, 0.0359, 0.032, 0.0285, 0.0253, 0.0226, 0.0201, 0.0179, 0.0159, 0.0142, 0.0126, 0.0113, 0.01, 0.00893, 0.00795, 0.00708, 0.0063, 0.00561, 0.005, 0.00445, 0.00396, 0.00353, 0.00314, 0.0028, 0.00249, 0.00222, 0.00198, 0.00176, 0.00157, 0.0014, 0.00124, 0.00111, 0.00099], [0.014732, 0.0131191, 0.011684, 0.01040384, 0.00926592, 0.00825246, 0.00734822, 0.00654304, 0.00582676, 0.00518922, 0.00462026, 0.0041148, 0.00366522, 0.0032639, 0.00290576, 0.00258826, 0.00230378, 0.00205232, 0.0018288, 0.00162814, 0.00145034, 0.00129032, 0.00115062, 0.00102362, 0.00091186, 0.0008128, 0.0007239, 0.00064262, 0.00057404, 0.00051054, 0.00045466, 0.00040386, 0.00036068, 0.00032004, 0.00028702, 0.000254, 0.000226822, 0.00020193, 0.000179832, 0.00016002, 0.000142494, 0.000127, 0.00011303, 0.000100584, 8.9662e-05, 7.9756e-05, 7.112e-05, 6.3246e-05, 5.6388e-05, 5.0292e-05, 4.4704e-05, 3.9878e-05, 3.556e-05, 3.1496e-05, 2.8194e-05, 2.5146e-05], True), 'BSWG': ([0.143, 0.167, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], [0.5, 0.464, 0.432, 0.4, 0.372, 0.348, 0.324, 0.3, 0.276, 0.252, 0.232, 0.212, 0.192, 0.176, 0.16, 0.144, 0.128, 0.116, 0.104, 0.092, 0.08, 0.072, 0.064, 0.056, 0.048, 0.04, 0.036, 0.032, 0.028, 0.024, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.0164, 0.0149, 0.0136, 0.0124, 0.0116, 0.0108, 0.01, 0.0092, 0.0084, 0.0076, 0.0068, 0.006, 0.0052, 0.0048, 0.0044, 0.004, 0.0036, 0.0032, 0.0028, 0.0024, 0.002, 0.0016, 0.0012, 0.001], [0.0127, 0.0117856, 0.0109728, 0.01016, 0.0094488, 0.0088392, 0.0082296, 0.00762, 0.0070104, 0.0064008, 0.0058928, 0.0053848, 0.0048768, 0.0044704, 0.004064, 0.0036576, 0.0032512, 0.0029464, 0.0026416, 0.0023368, 0.002032, 0.0018288, 0.0016256, 0.0014224, 0.0012192, 0.001016, 0.0009144, 0.0008128, 0.0007112, 0.0006096, 0.0005588, 0.000508, 0.0004572, 0.00041656, 0.00037846, 0.00034544, 0.00031496, 0.00029464, 0.00027432, 0.000254, 0.00023368, 0.00021336, 0.00019304, 0.00017272, 0.0001524, 0.00013208, 0.00012192, 0.00011176, 0.0001016, 9.144e-05, 8.128e-05, 7.112e-05, 6.096e-05, 5.08e-05, 4.064e-05, 3.048e-05, 2.54e-05], True), 'BWG': ([0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36], [0.5, 0.454, 0.425, 0.38, 0.34, 0.3, 0.284, 0.259, 0.238, 0.22, 0.203, 0.18, 0.165, 0.148, 0.134, 0.12, 0.109, 0.095, 0.083, 0.072, 0.065, 0.058, 0.049, 0.042, 0.035, 0.032, 0.028, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.016, 0.014, 0.013, 0.012, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.005, 0.004], [0.0127, 0.011532, 0.010795, 0.009652, 0.008636, 0.00762, 0.007214, 0.006579, 0.006045, 0.005588, 0.005156, 0.004572, 0.004191, 0.003759, 0.003404, 0.003048, 0.002769, 0.002413, 0.002108, 0.001829, 0.001651, 0.001473, 0.001245, 0.001067, 0.000889, 0.000813, 0.000711, 0.000635, 0.000559, 0.000508, 0.000457, 0.000406, 0.000356, 0.00033, 0.000305, 0.000254, 0.000229, 0.000203, 0.000178, 0.000127, 0.000102], True), 'MWG': ([45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 0.5, 0.33, 0.25, 0.2, 0.167], [0.18, 0.17, 0.162, 0.154, 0.146, 0.138, 0.13, 0.124, 0.118, 0.112, 0.106, 0.1, 0.095, 0.09, 0.085, 0.08, 0.075, 0.071, 0.067, 0.063, 0.059, 0.055, 0.051, 0.049, 0.047, 0.045, 0.043, 0.041, 0.039, 0.037, 0.035, 0.033, 0.031, 0.029, 0.026, 0.024, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.016, 0.014, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004], [0.004572, 0.004318, 0.0041148, 0.0039116, 0.0037084, 0.0035052, 0.003302, 0.0031496, 0.0029972, 0.0028448, 0.0026924, 0.00254, 0.002413, 0.002286, 0.002159, 0.002032, 0.001905, 0.0018034, 0.0017018, 0.0016002, 0.0014986, 0.001397, 0.0012954, 0.0012446, 0.0011938, 0.001143, 0.0010922, 0.0010414, 0.0009906, 0.0009398, 0.000889, 0.0008382, 0.0007874, 0.0007366, 0.0006604, 0.0006096, 0.0005588, 0.000508, 0.0004572, 0.0004064, 0.0003556, 0.0003302, 0.0003048, 0.0002794, 0.000254, 0.0002286, 0.0002032, 0.0001778, 0.0001524, 0.000127, 0.0001016], False), 'SSWG': ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80], [0.227, 0.219, 0.212, 0.207, 0.204, 0.201, 0.199, 0.197, 0.194, 0.191, 0.188, 0.185, 0.182, 0.18, 0.178, 0.175, 0.172, 0.168, 0.164, 0.161, 0.157, 0.155, 0.153, 0.151, 0.148, 0.146, 0.143, 0.139, 0.134, 0.127, 0.12, 0.115, 0.112, 0.11, 0.108, 0.106, 0.103, 0.101, 0.099, 0.097, 0.095, 0.092, 0.088, 0.085, 0.081, 0.079, 0.077, 0.075, 0.072, 0.069, 0.066, 0.063, 0.058, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.042, 0.041, 0.04, 0.039, 0.038, 0.037, 0.036, 0.035, 0.033, 0.032, 0.031, 0.03, 0.029, 0.027, 0.026, 0.024, 0.023, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.016, 0.015, 0.014, 0.013], [0.0057658, 0.0055626, 0.0053848, 0.0052578, 0.0051816, 0.0051054, 0.0050546, 0.0050038, 0.0049276, 0.0048514, 0.0047752, 0.004699, 0.0046228, 0.004572, 0.0045212, 0.004445, 0.0043688, 0.0042672, 0.0041656, 0.0040894, 0.0039878, 0.003937, 0.0038862, 0.0038354, 0.0037592, 0.0037084, 0.0036322, 0.0035306, 0.0034036, 0.0032258, 0.003048, 0.002921, 0.0028448, 0.002794, 0.0027432, 0.0026924, 0.0026162, 0.0025654, 0.0025146, 0.0024638, 0.002413, 0.0023368, 0.0022352, 0.002159, 0.0020574, 0.0020066, 0.0019558, 0.001905, 0.0018288, 0.0017526, 0.0016764, 0.0016002, 0.0014732, 0.001397, 0.00127, 0.001143, 0.0010668, 0.0010414, 0.001016, 0.0009906, 0.0009652, 0.0009398, 0.0009144, 0.000889, 0.0008382, 0.0008128, 0.0007874, 0.000762, 0.0007366, 0.0006858, 0.0006604, 0.0006096, 0.0005842, 0.0005588, 0.000508, 0.0004572, 0.0004064, 0.000381, 0.0003556, 0.0003302], True), 'SWG': ([0.143, 0.167, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], [0.49, 0.4615, 0.4305, 0.3938, 0.3625, 0.331, 0.3065, 0.283, 0.2625, 0.2437, 0.2253, 0.207, 0.192, 0.177, 0.162, 0.1483, 0.135, 0.1205, 0.1055, 0.0915, 0.08, 0.072, 0.0625, 0.054, 0.0475, 0.041, 0.0348, 0.0318, 0.0286, 0.0258, 0.023, 0.0204, 0.0181, 0.0173, 0.0162, 0.015, 0.014, 0.0132, 0.0128, 0.0118, 0.0104, 0.0095, 0.009, 0.0085, 0.008, 0.0075, 0.007, 0.0066, 0.0062, 0.006, 0.0058, 0.0055, 0.0052, 0.005, 0.0048, 0.0046, 0.0044], [0.012446, 0.0117221, 0.0109347, 0.01000252, 0.0092075, 0.0084074, 0.0077851, 0.0071882, 0.0066675, 0.00618998, 0.00572262, 0.0052578, 0.0048768, 0.0044958, 0.0041148, 0.00376682, 0.003429, 0.0030607, 0.0026797, 0.0023241, 0.002032, 0.0018288, 0.0015875, 0.0013716, 0.0012065, 0.0010414, 0.00088392, 0.00080772, 0.00072644, 0.00065532, 0.0005842, 0.00051816, 0.00045974, 0.00043942, 0.00041148, 0.000381, 0.0003556, 0.00033528, 0.00032512, 0.00029972, 0.00026416, 0.0002413, 0.0002286, 0.0002159, 0.0002032, 0.0001905, 0.0001778, 0.00016764, 0.00015748, 0.0001524, 0.00014732, 0.0001397, 0.00013208, 0.000127, 0.00012192, 0.00011684, 0.00011176], True)}¶
Pipe Methods¶
- fluids.piping.erosional_velocity(rho, C)[source]¶
Calculate the erosional velocity according to the API RP 14E equation.
- Parameters
- Returns
- V
float
Erosional velocity, [m/s]
- V
Notes
Some suggested factors in [1] are:
With solids, it is suggested the factor be determined from specific studies.
For corrosive fluids in continuous service, C=100. For corrosive fluids in intermittent service, C=125. For non-corrosive fluids in continuous service, C=150-200. For non-corrosive fluids in intermittent service, C=250. For corrosive fluids with an inhibitor or a corrosion resistent alloy in continuous service, C=150-200; and for intermittent service, C=250.
References
- 1
“API RP 14E : Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems.” 5E, 2000
- 2
Madani Sani, F., S. Huizinga, K. A. Esaklul, and S. Nesic. “Review of the API RP 14E Erosional Velocity Equation: Origin, Applications, Misuses, Limitations and Alternatives.” Wear, 22nd International Conference on Wear of Materials, 426-427 (April 30, 2019): 620-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.119.
Examples
>>> erosional_velocity(1000, 100) 3.8576728004