Friction

Experimental friction factors

import numpy as np
from fluids.friction import friction_factor, oregon_Res, oregon_fd_smooth
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Res = np.logspace(np.log10(oregon_Res[0]), np.log10(oregon_Res[-1]), 500)
fds_calc = [friction_factor(Re) for Re in Res]
plt.loglog(oregon_Res, oregon_fd_smooth, 'x', label='Oregon Data')
plt.loglog(Res, fds_calc, label='Colebrook')
plt.xlabel('Reynolds number')
plt.ylabel('Darcy friction factor')
plt.title("Experimental friction factor data for smooth pipe")
plt.legend()
plt.plot()

[]

print(oregon_Res)
print(oregon_fd_smooth)

[11.21, 20.22, 29.28, 43.19, 57.73, 64.58, 86.05, 113.3, 135.3, 157.5, 179.4, 206.4, 228.0, 270.9, 315.2, 358.9, 402.9, 450.2, 522.5, 583.1, 671.8, 789.8, 891.0, 1013.0, 1197.0, 1300.0, 1390.0, 1669.0, 1994.0, 2227.0, 2554.0, 2868.0, 2903.0, 2926.0, 2955.0, 2991.0, 2997.0, 3047.0, 3080.0, 3264.0, 3980.0, 4835.0, 5959.0, 8162.0, 10900.0, 13650.0, 18990.0, 29430.0, 40850.0, 59220.0, 84760.0, 120000.0, 176000.0, 237700.0, 298200.0, 467800.0, 587500.0, 824200.0, 1050000.0]
[5.537, 3.492, 2.329, 1.523, 1.173, 0.9863, 0.7826, 0.5709, 0.4815, 0.4182, 0.3655, 0.3237, 0.2884, 0.2433, 0.2077, 0.1834, 0.1656, 0.1475, 0.1245, 0.1126, 0.09917, 0.08501, 0.07722, 0.06707, 0.0588, 0.05328, 0.04815, 0.04304, 0.03739, 0.03405, 0.03091, 0.02804, 0.03182, 0.03846, 0.03363, 0.04124, 0.035, 0.03875, 0.04285, 0.0426, 0.03995, 0.03797, 0.0361, 0.03364, 0.03088, 0.02903, 0.0267, 0.02386, 0.02086, 0.02, 0.01805, 0.01686, 0.01594, 0.01511, 0.01462, 0.01365, 0.01313, 0.01244, 0.01198]

Roughness data

from fluids.friction import _roughness
# Material from Perry's handbook; roughness in meters.
_roughness

{'Brass': 1.52e-06,
 'Lead': 1.52e-06,
 'Glass': 1.52e-06,
 'Steel': 1.52e-06,
 'Asphalted cast iron': 0.000122,
 'Galvanized iron': 0.000152,
 'Cast iron': 0.000259,
 'Wood stave': 0.000183,
 'Rough wood stave': 0.000914,
 'Concrete': 0.000305,
 'Rough concrete': 0.00305,
 'Riveted steel': 0.000914,
 'Rough riveted steel': 0.00914}

Really good table from Idelʹchik, I. E, and A. S Ginevskiĭ. Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance. Redding, CT: Begell House, 2007.

from fluids.friction import HHR_roughness
HHR_roughness

{'Rough channels in rock, Blast-hewed, little jointing': (0.1, 0.14, None),
 'Rough channels in rock, Blast-hewed, substantial jointing': (0.13,
  0.5,
  None),
 'Rough channels in rock, Roughly cut or very uneven surface': (0.5,
  1.5,
  None),
 'Unlined tunnels, Rocks, gneiss, diameter 3-13.5 m': (0.3, 0.7, None),
 'Unlined tunnels, Rocks, granite, diameter 3-9 m': (0.2, 0.7, None),
 'Unlined tunnels, Shale, diameter, diameter 9-12 m': (0.25, 0.65, None),
 'Unlined tunnels, Shale, quartz, quartzile, diameter 7-10 m': (0.2,
  0.6,
  None),
 'Unlined tunnels, Shale, sedimentary, diameter 4-7 m': (None, None, 0.4),
 'Unlined tunnels, Shale, nephrite bearing, diameter 3-8 m': (None, None, 0.2),
 'Wood tubes, Boards, thoroughly dressed': (None, None, 0.00015),
 'Wood tubes, Boards, well dressed': (None, None, 0.0003),
 'Wood tubes, Boards, undressed but fitted': (None, None, 0.0007),
 'Wood tubes, Boards, undressed': (None, None, 0.001),
 'Wood tubes, Staved': (None, None, 0.0006),
 'Plywood tubes, Birch plywood, transverse grain, good quality': (None,
  None,
  0.00012),
 'Plywood tubes, Birch plywood, longitudal grain, good quality': (3e-05,
  5e-05,
  None),
 'Glass tubes, Glass': (1.5e-06, 1e-05, None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, New and finished with plater; excellent manufacture (joints aligned, prime coated and smoothed)': (5e-05,
  0.00015,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Used and corroded; with a wavy surface and wood framework': (0.001,
  0.004,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Old, poor fitting and manufacture; with an overgrown surface and deposits of sand and gravel': (0.001,
  0.004,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Very old; damaged surface, very overgrown': (0.005,
  None,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Water conduit, finished with smoothed plaster': (0.005,
  None,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, New, very well manufactured, hand smoothed, prime-coated joints': (0.0001,
  0.0002,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Hand-smoothed cement finish and smoothed joints': (0.00015,
  0.00035,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Used, no deposits, moderately smooth, steel or wooden casing, joints prime coated but not smoothed': (0.0003,
  0.0006,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Used, prefabricated monoliths, cement plaster (wood floated), rough joints': (0.0005,
  0.001,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Conduits for water, sprayed surface of concrete': (0.0005,
  0.001,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Brushed air-placed, either sprayed concrete or concrete on more concrete': (None,
  None,
  0.0023),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Non-smoothed air-placed, either sprayed concrete or concrete on more concrete': (0.003,
  0.006,
  None),
 'Concrete water conduits, no finish, Smoothed air-placed, either sprayed concrete or concrete on more concrete': (0.006,
  0.017,
  0.0005),
 'Reinforced concrete tubes, New': (0.00025, 0.00034, None),
 'Reinforced concrete tubes, Nonprocessed': (0.0025, None, None),
 'Asbestos cement tubes, New': (5e-05, 0.0001, None),
 'Asbestos cement tubes, Average': (0.0006, None, None),
 'Cement tubes, Smoothed': (0.0003, 0.0008, None),
 'Cement tubes, Non processed': (0.001, 0.002, None),
 'Cement tubes, Joints, non smoothed': (0.0019, 0.0064, None),
 'Cement-mortar plaster channels, Plaster, cement, smoothed joints and protrusions, and a casing': (5e-05,
  0.00022,
  None),
 'Cement-mortar plaster channels, Steel trowled': (None, None, 0.0005),
 'Other, Plaster over a screen': (0.01, 0.015, None),
 'Other, Salt-glazed ceramic': (None, None, 0.0014),
 'Other, Slag-concrete': (None, None, 0.0015),
 'Other, Slag and alabaster-filling': (0.001, 0.0015, None),
 'Seamless tubes made from brass, copper, lead, aluminum, Commercially smooth': (1.5e-06,
  1e-05,
  None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, New and unused': (2e-05, 0.0001, None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Cleaned, following years of use': (None, 4e-05, None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Bituminized': (None, 4e-05, None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Heating systems piping; either superheated steam pipes, or just water pipes of systems with deaerators and chemical treatment': (None,
  None,
  0.0001),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Following one year as a gas pipeline': (None,
  None,
  0.00012),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Following multiple year as a gas pipeline': (4e-05,
  0.0002,
  None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Casings in gas wells, different conditions, several years of use': (6e-05,
  0.00022,
  None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Heating systems, saturated steam ducts or water pipes (with minor water leakage < 0.5%, and balance water deaerated)': (None,
  None,
  0.0002),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Water heating system pipelines, any source': (None,
  None,
  0.0002),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Oil pipelines, intermediate operating conditions ': (None,
  None,
  0.0002),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Corroded, moderately ': (None, None, 0.0004),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Scale, small depositions only ': (None, None, 0.0004),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Condensate pipes in open systems or periodically operated steam pipelines': (None,
  None,
  0.0005),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Compressed air piping': (None, None, 0.0008),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Following multiple years of operation, generally corroded or with small amounts of scale': (0.00015,
  0.001,
  None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Water heating piping without deaeration but with chemical treatment of water; leakage up to 3%; or condensate piping operated periodically': (None,
  None,
  0.001),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Used water piping': (0.0012, 0.0015, None),
 'Seamless steel tubes, Poor condition': (0.005, None, None),
 'Welded steel tubes, Good condition': (4e-05, 0.0001, None),
 'Welded steel tubes, New and covered with bitumen': (None, None, 5e-05),
 'Welded steel tubes, Used and covered with partially dissolved bitumen; corroded': (None,
  None,
  0.0001),
 'Welded steel tubes, Used, suffering general corrosion': (None,
  None,
  0.00015),
 'Welded steel tubes, Surface looks like new, 10 mm lacquer inside, even joints': (0.0003,
  0.0004,
  None),
 'Welded steel tubes, Used Gas mains': (None, None, 0.0005),
 'Welded steel tubes, Double or simple transverse riveted joints; with or without lacquer; without corrosion': (0.0006,
  0.0007,
  None),
 'Welded steel tubes, Lacquered inside but rusted': (0.00095, 0.001, None),
 'Welded steel tubes, Gas mains, many years of use, with layered deposits': (None,
  None,
  0.0011),
 'Welded steel tubes, Non-corroded and with double transverse riveted joints': (0.0012,
  0.0015,
  None),
 'Welded steel tubes, Small deposits': (None, None, 0.0015),
 'Welded steel tubes, Heavily corroded and with  double transverse riveted joints': (None,
  None,
  0.002),
 'Welded steel tubes, Appreciable deposits': (0.002, 0.004, None),
 'Welded steel tubes, Gas mains, many years of use, deposits of resin/naphthalene': (None,
  None,
  0.0024),
 'Welded steel tubes, Poor condition': (0.005, None, None),
 'Riveted steel tubes, Riveted laterally and longitudinally with one line; lacquered on the inside': (0.0003,
  0.0004,
  None),
 'Riveted steel tubes, Riveted laterally and longitudinally with two lines; with or without lacquer on the inside and without corrosion': (0.0006,
  0.0007,
  None),
 'Riveted steel tubes, Riveted laterally with one line and longitudinally with two lines; thickly lacquered or torred on the inside': (0.0012,
  0.0014,
  None),
 'Riveted steel tubes, Riveted longitudinally with six lines, after extensive use': (None,
  None,
  0.002),
 'Riveted steel tubes, Riveted laterally with four line and longitudinally with six lines; overlapping joints inside': (None,
  None,
  0.004),
 'Riveted steel tubes, Extremely poor surface; overlapping and uneven joints': (0.005,
  None,
  None),
 'Roofing steel sheets, Oiled': (0.00015, 0.0011, None),
 'Roofing steel sheets, Not Oiled': (2e-05, 4e-05, None),
 'Galzanized steel tubes, Bright galvanization; new': (7e-05, 0.0001, None),
 'Galzanized steel tubes, Ordinary galvanization': (0.0001, 0.00015, None),
 'Galzanized sheet steel, New': (None, None, 0.00015),
 'Galzanized sheet steel, Used previously for water': (None, None, 0.00018),
 'Steel tubes, Glass enamel coat': (1e-06, 1e-05, None),
 'Steel tubes, New': (0.00025, 0.001, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, New, bituminized': (0.0001, 0.00015, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Coated with asphalt': (0.00012, 0.0003, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Used water pipelines': (None, None, 0.0014),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Used and corroded': (0.001, 0.0015, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Deposits visible': (0.001, 0.0015, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Substantial deposits': (0.002, 0.004, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Cleaned after extensive use': (0.0003, 0.0015, None),
 'Cast-iron tubes, Severely corroded': (None, 0.003, None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, seamless (without joints), well fitted': (1.5e-05,
  4e-05,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, welded lengthwise and well fitted': (1.2e-05,
  3e-05,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, welded lengthwise and well fitted, with transverse welded joints': (8e-05,
  0.00017,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, coated, bituminized when manufactured': (1.4e-05,
  1.8e-05,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, coated, bituminized when manufactured, with transverse welded joints': (0.0002,
  0.0006,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, coated, galvanized': (0.0001,
  0.0002,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, coated, roughly galvanized': (0.0004,
  0.0007,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, New, clean, coated, bituminized, curved': (0.0001,
  0.0014,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, clean, slight corrosion': (0.0001,
  0.0003,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, clean, moderate corrosion or slight deposits': (0.0003,
  0.0007,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, clean, severe corrosion': (0.0008,
  0.0015,
  None),
 'Steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, clean, previously cleaned of either deposits or rust': (0.00015,
  0.0002,
  None),
 'Used steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, all welded, <2 years use, no deposits': (0.00012,
  0.00024,
  None),
 'Used steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, all welded, <20 years use, no deposits': (0.0006,
  0.005,
  None),
 'Used steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, iron-bacterial corrosion': (0.003,
  0.004,
  None),
 'Used steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, heavy corrosion, or with incrustation (deposit 1.5 - 9 mm deep)': (0.003,
  0.005,
  None),
 'Used steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, heavy corrosion, or with incrustation (deposit 3 - 25 mm deep)': (0.006,
  0.0065,
  None),
 'Used steel water conduits in generating stations, Used, inside coating, bituminized, < 2 years use': (0.0001,
  0.00035,
  None)}