Pipe schedules (fluids.piping)

This module contains functions for looking up standard pipe sizes from different schedules. Similarly, there is a converter between gauge number thickness (and back).

For reporting bugs, adding feature requests, or submitting pull requests, please use the GitHub issue tracker or contact the author at Caleb.Andrew.Bell@gmail.com.

Pipe Schedules

fluids.piping.nearest_pipe(Do=None, Di=None, NPS=None, schedule='40')

Searches for and finds the nearest standard pipe size to a given specification. Acceptable inputs are:

• Nominal pipe size

• Nominal pipe size and schedule

• Outer diameter Do

• Outer diameter Do and schedule

• Inner diameter Di

• Inner diameter Di and schedule

Acceptable schedules are: ‘5’, ‘10’, ‘20’, ‘30’, ‘40’, ‘60’, ‘80’, ‘100’, ‘120’, ‘140’, ‘160’, ‘STD’, ‘XS’, ‘XXS’, ‘5S’, ‘10S’, ‘40S’, ‘80S’, ‘40D1527’, ‘80D1527’, ‘ABSD2680’, ‘PVCD2680’, ‘DR25C900’, ‘DR18C900’, ‘DR14C900’, ‘CIDR51C905’, ‘CIDR41C905’, ‘CIDR325C905’, ‘CIDR25C905’, ‘CIDR21C905’, ‘CIDR18C905’, ‘CIDR14C905’, ‘IPSDR21’, ‘IPSDR26’, ‘IPSDR325’, ‘IPSDR41’, ‘PS115F679’, ‘PS75F679’, ‘PS46F679’, ‘PVCD2665’, ‘40D1785’, ‘80D1785’, ‘120D1785’, ‘DR135D2241’, ‘DR17D2241’, ‘DR21D2241’, ‘DR26D2241’, ‘DR325D2241’, ‘DR41D2241’, ‘DR64D2241’, ‘DR21D2241CTS’, ‘DR17D2241CTS’, ‘DR135D2241CTS’, ‘DR11D2241CTS’, ‘DR21D2241PIP’, ‘DR26D2241PIP’, ‘DR325D2241PIP’, ‘DR35D2241PIP’, ‘DR41D2241PIP’, ‘DR51D2241PIP’, ‘DR81D2241PIP’, ‘S40F441IPS’, ‘S80F441IPS’, ‘S40F441SI’, ‘S80F441SI’ ‘DR325F2619SI’, ‘DR26F2619SI’, ‘DR21F2619SI’, ‘DR17F2619SI’, ‘DR135F2619SI’, ‘DR11F2619SI’, ‘DR9F2619SI’, ‘DR73F2619SI’, ‘DR7F2619SI’, ‘DR325F2619IPS’, ‘DR26F2619IPS’, ‘DR21F2619IPS’, ‘DR17F2619IPS’, ‘DR135F2619IPS’, ‘DR11F2619IPS’, ‘DR9F2619IPS’, ‘DR73F2619IPS’, ‘DR7F2619IPS’,

Parameters

Dofloat

Pipe outer diameter, [m]

Difloat

Pipe inner diameter, [m]

NPSfloat

Nominal pipe size, [-]

schedulestr

String representing schedule size

Returns

NPSfloat

Nominal pipe size, [-]

Difloat

Pipe inner diameter, [m]

Dofloat

Pipe outer diameter, [m]

tfloat

Pipe wall thickness, [m]

Notes

Internal units within this function are mm. The imperial schedules are not quite identical to these value, but all rounding differences happen in the sub-0.1 mm level.

References

1

American National Standards Institute, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. B36.10M-2004: Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004.

2

American National Standards Institute, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. B36-19M-2004: Stainless Steel Pipe. New York, N.Y.: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004.

3

F17 Committee. “Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1527-99R05.

4

F17 Committee. “Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer Piping.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2680-01R14.

5

AWWA-American Water Works Association. “AWWA C900-07 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 Mm Through 300 Mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution.”

6

AWWA-American Water Works Association. “AWWA C905-97 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 14 in. Through 48 in. (350 Mm through 1,200 Mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution.”

7

F17 Committee. “Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F0679-16.

8

F17 Committee. “Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2665-14.

9

F17 Committee. “Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D1785-15E01.

10

F17 Committee. “Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F0441_F0441M-15.

11

F17 Committee. “Specification for High-Density Polyethylene (PE) Line Pipe.” ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/F2619_F2619M-20.

Examples

>>> nearest_pipe(Di=0.021)
(1, 0.02664, 0.0334, 0.0033799999999999998)
>>> nearest_pipe(Do=.273, schedule='5S')
(10, 0.26630000000000004, 0.2731, 0.0034)

Wire Gauge

fluids.piping.gauge_from_t(t, SI=True, schedule='BWG')

Looks up the gauge of a given wire thickness of given schedule. Values are all non-linear, and tabulated internally.

Parameters

tfloat

Thickness, [m]

SIbool, optional

If False, requires that the thickness is given in inches not meters

schedulestr

Gauge schedule, one of ‘BWG’, ‘AWG’, ‘SWG’, ‘MWG’, ‘BSWG’, or ‘SSWG’

Returns

gaugefloat-like

Wire Gauge, [-]

Notes

An internal variable, tol, is used in the selection of the wire gauge. If the next smaller wire gauge is within 10% of the difference between it and the previous wire gauge, the smaller wire gauge is selected. Accordingly, this function can return a gauge with a thickness smaller than desired in some circumstances.

• Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) ranges from 0.2 (0.5 inch) to 36 (0.004 inch).

• American Wire Gauge (AWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.58 inch) to 51 (0.00099 inch). These are used for electrical wires.

• Steel Wire Gauge (SWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.49 inch) to 51 (0.0044 inch). Also called Washburn & Moen wire gauge, American Steel gauge, Wire Co. gauge, and Roebling wire gauge.

• Music Wire Gauge (MWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.004 inch) to 46 (0.18 inch). Also called Piano Wire Gauge.

• British Standard Wire Gage (BSWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.5 inch) to 51 (0.001 inch). Also called Imperial Wire Gage (IWG).

• Stub’s Steel Wire Gage (SSWG) ranges from 1 (0.227 inch) to 80 (0.013 inch)

References

1

Oberg, Erik, Franklin D. Jones, and Henry H. Ryffel. Machinery’s Handbook. Industrial Press, Incorporated, 2012.

Examples

>>> gauge_from_t(.5, SI=False, schedule='BWG')
0.2

fluids.piping.t_from_gauge(gauge, SI=True, schedule='BWG')

Looks up the thickness of a given wire gauge of given schedule. Values are all non-linear, and tabulated internally.

Parameters

gaugefloat-like

Wire Gauge, []

SIbool, optional

If False, will return a thickness in inches not meters

schedulestr

Gauge schedule, one of ‘BWG’, ‘AWG’, ‘SWG’, ‘MWG’, ‘BSWG’, or ‘SSWG’

Returns

tfloat

Thickness, [m]

Notes

• Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) ranges from 0.2 (0.5 inch) to 36 (0.004 inch).

• American Wire Gauge (AWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.58 inch) to 51 (0.00099 inch). These are used for electrical wires.

• Steel Wire Gauge (SWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.49 inch) to 51 (0.0044 inch). Also called Washburn & Moen wire gauge, American Steel gauge, Wire Co. gauge, and Roebling wire gauge.

• Music Wire Gauge (MWG) ranges from 0.167 (0.004 inch) to 46 (0.18 inch). Also called Piano Wire Gauge.

• British Standard Wire Gage (BSWG) ranges from 0.143 (0.5 inch) to 51 (0.001 inch). Also called Imperial Wire Gage (IWG).

• Stub’s Steel Wire Gage (SSWG) ranges from 1 (0.227 inch) to 80 (0.013 inch)

References

1

Oberg, Erik, Franklin D. Jones, and Henry H. Ryffel. Machinery’s Handbook. Industrial Press, Incorporated, 2012.

Examples

>>> t_from_gauge(.2, False, 'BWG')
0.5

fluids.piping.wire_schedules = {'AWG': ([0.167, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], [0.58, 0.5165, 0.46, 0.4096, 0.3648, 0.3249, 0.2893, 0.2576, 0.2294, 0.2043, 0.1819, 0.162, 0.1443, 0.1285, 0.1144, 0.1019, 0.0907, 0.0808, 0.072, 0.0641, 0.0571, 0.0508, 0.0453, 0.0403, 0.0359, 0.032, 0.0285, 0.0253, 0.0226, 0.0201, 0.0179, 0.0159, 0.0142, 0.0126, 0.0113, 0.01, 0.00893, 0.00795, 0.00708, 0.0063, 0.00561, 0.005, 0.00445, 0.00396, 0.00353, 0.00314, 0.0028, 0.00249, 0.00222, 0.00198, 0.00176, 0.00157, 0.0014, 0.00124, 0.00111, 0.00099], [0.014732, 0.0131191, 0.011684, 0.01040384, 0.00926592, 0.00825246, 0.00734822, 0.00654304, 0.00582676, 0.00518922, 0.00462026, 0.0041148, 0.00366522, 0.0032639, 0.00290576, 0.00258826, 0.00230378, 0.00205232, 0.0018288, 0.00162814, 0.00145034, 0.00129032, 0.00115062, 0.00102362, 0.00091186, 0.0008128, 0.0007239, 0.00064262, 0.00057404, 0.00051054, 0.00045466, 0.00040386, 0.00036068, 0.00032004, 0.00028702, 0.000254, 0.000226822, 0.00020193, 0.000179832, 0.00016002, 0.000142494, 0.000127, 0.00011303, 0.000100584, 8.9662e-05, 7.9756e-05, 7.112e-05, 6.3246e-05, 5.6388e-05, 5.0292e-05, 4.4704e-05, 3.9878e-05, 3.556e-05, 3.1496e-05, 2.8194e-05, 2.5146e-05], True), 'BSWG': ([0.143, 0.167, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], [0.5, 0.464, 0.432, 0.4, 0.372, 0.348, 0.324, 0.3, 0.276, 0.252, 0.232, 0.212, 0.192, 0.176, 0.16, 0.144, 0.128, 0.116, 0.104, 0.092, 0.08, 0.072, 0.064, 0.056, 0.048, 0.04, 0.036, 0.032, 0.028, 0.024, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.0164, 0.0149, 0.0136, 0.0124, 0.0116, 0.0108, 0.01, 0.0092, 0.0084, 0.0076, 0.0068, 0.006, 0.0052, 0.0048, 0.0044, 0.004, 0.0036, 0.0032, 0.0028, 0.0024, 0.002, 0.0016, 0.0012, 0.001], [0.0127, 0.0117856, 0.0109728, 0.01016, 0.0094488, 0.0088392, 0.0082296, 0.00762, 0.0070104, 0.0064008, 0.0058928, 0.0053848, 0.0048768, 0.0044704, 0.004064, 0.0036576, 0.0032512, 0.0029464, 0.0026416, 0.0023368, 0.002032, 0.0018288, 0.0016256, 0.0014224, 0.0012192, 0.001016, 0.0009144, 0.0008128, 0.0007112, 0.0006096, 0.0005588, 0.000508, 0.0004572, 0.00041656, 0.00037846, 0.00034544, 0.00031496, 0.00029464, 0.00027432, 0.000254, 0.00023368, 0.00021336, 0.00019304, 0.00017272, 0.0001524, 0.00013208, 0.00012192, 0.00011176, 0.0001016, 9.144e-05, 8.128e-05, 7.112e-05, 6.096e-05, 5.08e-05, 4.064e-05, 3.048e-05, 2.54e-05], True), 'BWG': ([0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36], [0.5, 0.454, 0.425, 0.38, 0.34, 0.3, 0.284, 0.259, 0.238, 0.22, 0.203, 0.18, 0.165, 0.148, 0.134, 0.12, 0.109, 0.095, 0.083, 0.072, 0.065, 0.058, 0.049, 0.042, 0.035, 0.032, 0.028, 0.025, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.016, 0.014, 0.013, 0.012, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.005, 0.004], [0.0127, 0.011532, 0.010795, 0.009652, 0.008636, 0.00762, 0.007214, 0.006579, 0.006045, 0.005588, 0.005156, 0.004572, 0.004191, 0.003759, 0.003404, 0.003048, 0.002769, 0.002413, 0.002108, 0.001829, 0.001651, 0.001473, 0.001245, 0.001067, 0.000889, 0.000813, 0.000711, 0.000635, 0.000559, 0.000508, 0.000457, 0.000406, 0.000356, 0.00033, 0.000305, 0.000254, 0.000229, 0.000203, 0.000178, 0.000127, 0.000102], True), 'MWG': ([45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 0.5, 0.33, 0.25, 0.2, 0.167], [0.18, 0.17, 0.162, 0.154, 0.146, 0.138, 0.13, 0.124, 0.118, 0.112, 0.106, 0.1, 0.095, 0.09, 0.085, 0.08, 0.075, 0.071, 0.067, 0.063, 0.059, 0.055, 0.051, 0.049, 0.047, 0.045, 0.043, 0.041, 0.039, 0.037, 0.035, 0.033, 0.031, 0.029, 0.026, 0.024, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.016, 0.014, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004], [0.004572, 0.004318, 0.0041148, 0.0039116, 0.0037084, 0.0035052, 0.003302, 0.0031496, 0.0029972, 0.0028448, 0.0026924, 0.00254, 0.002413, 0.002286, 0.002159, 0.002032, 0.001905, 0.0018034, 0.0017018, 0.0016002, 0.0014986, 0.001397, 0.0012954, 0.0012446, 0.0011938, 0.001143, 0.0010922, 0.0010414, 0.0009906, 0.0009398, 0.000889, 0.0008382, 0.0007874, 0.0007366, 0.0006604, 0.0006096, 0.0005588, 0.000508, 0.0004572, 0.0004064, 0.0003556, 0.0003302, 0.0003048, 0.0002794, 0.000254, 0.0002286, 0.0002032, 0.0001778, 0.0001524, 0.000127, 0.0001016], False), 'SSWG': ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80], [0.227, 0.219, 0.212, 0.207, 0.204, 0.201, 0.199, 0.197, 0.194, 0.191, 0.188, 0.185, 0.182, 0.18, 0.178, 0.175, 0.172, 0.168, 0.164, 0.161, 0.157, 0.155, 0.153, 0.151, 0.148, 0.146, 0.143, 0.139, 0.134, 0.127, 0.12, 0.115, 0.112, 0.11, 0.108, 0.106, 0.103, 0.101, 0.099, 0.097, 0.095, 0.092, 0.088, 0.085, 0.081, 0.079, 0.077, 0.075, 0.072, 0.069, 0.066, 0.063, 0.058, 0.055, 0.05, 0.045, 0.042, 0.041, 0.04, 0.039, 0.038, 0.037, 0.036, 0.035, 0.033, 0.032, 0.031, 0.03, 0.029, 0.027, 0.026, 0.024, 0.023, 0.022, 0.02, 0.018, 0.016, 0.015, 0.014, 0.013], [0.0057658, 0.0055626, 0.0053848, 0.0052578, 0.0051816, 0.0051054, 0.0050546, 0.0050038, 0.0049276, 0.0048514, 0.0047752, 0.004699, 0.0046228, 0.004572, 0.0045212, 0.004445, 0.0043688, 0.0042672, 0.0041656, 0.0040894, 0.0039878, 0.003937, 0.0038862, 0.0038354, 0.0037592, 0.0037084, 0.0036322, 0.0035306, 0.0034036, 0.0032258, 0.003048, 0.002921, 0.0028448, 0.002794, 0.0027432, 0.0026924, 0.0026162, 0.0025654, 0.0025146, 0.0024638, 0.002413, 0.0023368, 0.0022352, 0.002159, 0.0020574, 0.0020066, 0.0019558, 0.001905, 0.0018288, 0.0017526, 0.0016764, 0.0016002, 0.0014732, 0.001397, 0.00127, 0.001143, 0.0010668, 0.0010414, 0.001016, 0.0009906, 0.0009652, 0.0009398, 0.0009144, 0.000889, 0.0008382, 0.0008128, 0.0007874, 0.000762, 0.0007366, 0.0006858, 0.0006604, 0.0006096, 0.0005842, 0.0005588, 0.000508, 0.0004572, 0.0004064, 0.000381, 0.0003556, 0.0003302], True), 'SWG': ([0.143, 0.167, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50], [0.49, 0.4615, 0.4305, 0.3938, 0.3625, 0.331, 0.3065, 0.283, 0.2625, 0.2437, 0.2253, 0.207, 0.192, 0.177, 0.162, 0.1483, 0.135, 0.1205, 0.1055, 0.0915, 0.08, 0.072, 0.0625, 0.054, 0.0475, 0.041, 0.0348, 0.0318, 0.0286, 0.0258, 0.023, 0.0204, 0.0181, 0.0173, 0.0162, 0.015, 0.014, 0.0132, 0.0128, 0.0118, 0.0104, 0.0095, 0.009, 0.0085, 0.008, 0.0075, 0.007, 0.0066, 0.0062, 0.006, 0.0058, 0.0055, 0.0052, 0.005, 0.0048, 0.0046, 0.0044], [0.012446, 0.0117221, 0.0109347, 0.01000252, 0.0092075, 0.0084074, 0.0077851, 0.0071882, 0.0066675, 0.00618998, 0.00572262, 0.0052578, 0.0048768, 0.0044958, 0.0041148, 0.00376682, 0.003429, 0.0030607, 0.0026797, 0.0023241, 0.002032, 0.0018288, 0.0015875, 0.0013716, 0.0012065, 0.0010414, 0.00088392, 0.00080772, 0.00072644, 0.00065532, 0.0005842, 0.00051816, 0.00045974, 0.00043942, 0.00041148, 0.000381, 0.0003556, 0.00033528, 0.00032512, 0.00029972, 0.00026416, 0.0002413, 0.0002286, 0.0002159, 0.0002032, 0.0001905, 0.0001778, 0.00016764, 0.00015748, 0.0001524, 0.00014732, 0.0001397, 0.00013208, 0.000127, 0.00012192, 0.00011684, 0.00011176], True)}

Pipe Methods

fluids.piping.erosional_velocity(rho, C)

Calculate the erosional velocity according to the API RP 14E equation.

$$V_e = \frac{C}{\sqrt{\rho_m}}$$

Parameters

rhofloat

Bulk mass density of the overall fluid, [kg/m^3]

Cfloat

Erosional velocity factor; must be provided, [sqrt(lb/(ft*s^2))]

Returns

Vfloat

Erosional velocity, [m/s]

Notes

Some suggested factors in [1] are:

With solids, it is suggested the factor be determined from specific studies.

For corrosive fluids in continuous service, C=100. For corrosive fluids in intermittent service, C=125. For non-corrosive fluids in continuous service, C=150-200. For non-corrosive fluids in intermittent service, C=250. For corrosive fluids with an inhibitor or a corrosion resistent alloy in continuous service, C=150-200; and for intermittent service, C=250.

References

1

“API RP 14E : Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems.” 5E, 2000

2

Madani Sani, F., S. Huizinga, K. A. Esaklul, and S. Nesic. “Review of the API RP 14E Erosional Velocity Equation: Origin, Applications, Misuses, Limitations and Alternatives.” Wear, 22nd International Conference on Wear of Materials, 426-427 (April 30, 2019): 620-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.119.

Examples

>>> erosional_velocity(1000, 100)
3.8576728004